Yoga Sutra Core Concepts: Klesas

Klesas refer to obstacles or afflictions that cause suffering. They are emotions or instincts that arise when we are triggered. Challenging to confront, but liberating when weakened and eventually removed. All klesas are fear based. The five klesas are avidya, asmita, raga, dvesa, and abhinivesa.

• Avidya (Ignorance): Avidya is the fundamental obstacle and the root cause of other klesas. The other klesas exist in the field of avidya. It represents ignorance or lack of true understanding. It is the misunderstanding of one's true nature and the identification with the external world. Overcoming avidya involves gaining insight into the nature of reality and recognizing the self beyond the illusions of the material world. Avidya can be removed by diligent practice (abhyasa) and discernment (viveka), leading to a state of noninvolvement (vairagya). As this happens, awareness and knowledge is illuminated.

• Asmita (Egoism): Asmita refers to the sense of ego (ahankara) or individuality. It is the identification with the "I" or the false sense of self. Asmita creates a sense of separateness and attachment to one's own identity. When the ego's control is threatened, asmita arises. It can appear as insecurity or conceit and pompousness, depending on the degree of false self image. Once the intellect (buddhi) is perceived as separate from the inner light of awareness, ego becomes subservient and suffering is ended.

• Raga (Attachment): Raga is the attachment or desire for pleasurable experiences and material possessions. It is the craving for things that bring temporary satisfaction but do not contribute to lasting happiness. Overcoming raga involves cultivating detachment and contentment, freeing oneself from the constant pursuit of external sources of pleasure.

• Dvesa (Aversion): Dvesa is the opposite of raga and involves aversion or dislike towards unpleasant experiences or situations. It is the tendency to resist and avoid things that cause discomfort or pain. Yoga practice encourages facing challenges with equanimity and understanding that both pleasure and pain are transient aspects of life.

• Abhinivesa (Fear of Death): Abhinivesa is the fear of death or clinging to life. It is the instinctual drive for self-preservation that can lead to anxiety and attachment to the physical body. Yoga philosophy teaches that understanding the impermanence of life and recognizing the eternal nature of the self can help overcome the fear of death.

  
  

Over time, klesas weaken and become more subtle through the practice of yoga. Gradually they can be eliminated by understanding where they come from and how they are produced, thus limiting their affect on future actions.