Samadhi: Complete Absorption

Sutra 3:3"Samahdi is the same meditation when there is the shining of the object alone, as if devoid of form."

- The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali

Samadhi refers to a state of intense concentration and absorption, representing the culmination of the previous two limbs, and the yogic path; the highest state attainable and the ultimate goal of spiritual practice. It can be understood as a state of complete union or oneness with the object of meditation, where the individual transcends the limitations of the self and experiences a profound sense of absorption with universal consciousness.

Patanjali identifies different types of Samadhi, which are classified based on the degree of absorption and the nature of the object of meditation. The two primary types of Samadhi described in the Yoga Sutras are Savikalpa Samadhi and Nirvikalpa Samadhi:

Savikalpa Samadhi is a state of absorption where the individual experiences a temporary dissolution of the sense of self but still maintains awareness of the object of meditation. In Savikalpa Samadhi, there is still a subtle distinction between the meditator, the act of meditation, and the object of meditation. One may experience bliss and profound stillness but remains aware of the process of meditation. This type is characterized by the presence of mental fluctuations or vrittis, albeit in a subdued manner. The mind is not completely still, but the distractions are significantly reduced.

Nirvikalpa Samadhi is a state of absorption characterized by the complete cessation of mental fluctuations (vrittis) and the dissolution of the sense of individual self. In Nirvikalpa Samadhi, one experiences an unbroken flow of consciousness without any distinction between the meditator, the act of meditation, and the object of meditation. There is no duality; only pure awareness remains. This state is often described as a state of pure consciousness or transcendental awareness, with a profound sense of unity with the universe. The mind is completely still, and all limitations of time, space, and individual identity are transcended. This is considered the highest form of Samadhi, representing the pinnacle of spiritual realization and liberation (moksha) according to yogic philosophy.

The attainment of Samadhi requires dedicated practice, discipline, and purification of the mind and body through the preceding limbs of yoga, such as Yama (social ethics), Niyama (observances), Asana (physical postures), Pranayama (breath control), Pratyahara (withdrawal of the senses), Dharana (concentration), and Dhyana (meditation). Samadhi represents the culmination of this spiritual journey, leading to insights, liberation, the realization of one's true nature and connection to universal consciousness.